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991.
992.
Melvin F. Shakun 《Group Decision and Negotiation》1996,5(4-6):305-317
Evolutionary Systems Design (ESD) is a universal general problem solving, formal modeling, design framework for purposeful
complex adaptive systems (PCAS) and processes, i.e., task-oriented group processes. These processes constitute policy making,
group decision, negotiation, and multiagent problem solving with human and/or artificial agents. ESD is also a framework for
computer group support systems (GSS) that support these processes. The ESD general framework can be applied to define and
solve specific problems. In this article the ESD framework is presented and illustrated by example. The article provides background
for ESD computer implementations discussed in two other related articles (Lewis and Shakun 1996; Bui and Shakun 1996). 相似文献
993.
In this study, we conducted two experiments to examine the effect of relationship commitment on the reaction of shoppers to receiving too much change, controlling for the amount of excess change. Hypotheses based on equity theory, opportunism and guilt were set up and tested. The first study showed that, when the less committed consumer is confronted with a large excess of change, he/she is less likely to report this mistake, compared with a small excess. Conversely, consumers with a high commitment towards the retailer are more likely to tell when they receive too much change, especially when the amount is large. The second experiment provided an explanation for these findings: the less committed consumer is driven by opportunism, whereas guilt-related feelings play an important role in a high commitment relationship. These results have several implications for both retail management and future research. 相似文献
994.
Despite of the significant role of informal venture capital in the financing of new entrepreneurial ventures, there is little
research explaining the factors determining the propensity of individuals to make microangel investments. Building on two
theoretical frameworks, a social psychological theory of planned behavior and an economic theory on the determinants of demand
for risky assets in household portfolios, we develop a set of hypotheses predicting the propensity of individuals to make
informal investments in new businesses owned by others. In our analysis we test whether the determinants of micro-angel investments
are similar when investing in a business owned by a close family member versus more distant business. The hypotheses are tested
using data from 6007 interviews of Finnish adults carried out in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor program in 2000–2002.
The findings show that the theoretical frameworks have more power in explaining investments in firms not owned by close family
members. The study provides new understanding of the differences in the drivers of different types of micro-angel investments. 相似文献
995.
This paper exploits the unique case of European market integration to investigate the relationship between integration and price convergence in international markets. Using a panel data set of car prices, we examine how the process of integration has affected cross-country price dispersion in Europe. We find surprisingly strong evidence of convergence towards both the absolute and the relative versions of the Law of One Price (LOOP). Our analysis illuminates the main sources of segmentation in international markets and suggests the type of institutional changes that can successfully reduce it. 相似文献
996.
Kevin?IbehEmail author Jeffrey E.?Johnson Pavlos?Dimitratos Jonathan?Slow 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2004,2(4):289-303
This paper provides some preliminary evidence on the behaviour of the micromultinational, an emergent player in the international entrepreneurship field. Using survey data from the Scottish Council for Development and Industry, it found that mMNEs originate from a mixture of high and low technology sectors and employ Foreign Direct Investment as well as international contractual approaches in servicing their foreign target markets. It also concluded that micromultinationals overseas market selection decisions were mainly influenced by market- and knowledge-seeking factors rather than considerations of psychic proximity. The implications of these summary findings for policy, theory and future research are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
997.
我国钢铁业产业内贸易的实证研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章从整体和分类两个层面上对我国钢产量居世界第一以来的钢铁业产业内贸易的水平和结构进行了实证研究。结果表明,我国钢铁业产业内贸易水平较低,贸易变动主要由产业间贸易引起;而且钢铁业的垂直型产业内贸易水平较低,产业内贸易以水平型产业内贸易为主。我国为此应该采取相关对策,促进钢铁业产业内贸易的发展。 相似文献
998.
The euro illusion is a transient phenomenon that consists of currency-related asymmetries in the intuitive judgment of product
prices made by consumers. The results of a cross-country study in the third year after the introduction of the euro show a
strong price estimation asymmetry in a country with an extreme exchange rate (Italy) and a weaker effect in a country in which
the nominal values of the new and the old currency are much closer (Ireland). These results rule out proposed explanations
of the euro illusion in price estimation that assume the sole influence of plausible anchors (reference prices stored in memory
within the plausible price range), supporting instead accounts also endorsing the role of implausible anchors (reference prices
outside the plausible price range). Beyond contributing to our theoretical understanding of the euro illusion, this research
starts to unveil the interplay between structural factors (i.e., the currency exchange rate) and psychological mechanisms
that produce long-lasting difficulties for consumers after a monetary changeover.
相似文献
Rob RanyardEmail: |
999.
Service value chains and effects of scale 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
Bart Nooteboom 《Service Business》2007,1(2):119-139
This paper generalizes Porter’s notion of the value chain for the analysis of service industries. The generalization entails
that the flow and the physical transformation and assembly of goods that are characteristic of manufacturing are generalized
into flows and transformation of data and flows and transformation of the physical and mental condition of people that are
characteristic of many service industries. Utility is generalized from the utilities of forms and function of goods, characteristic
of manufacturing, to the utilities of time, place, convenience, speed, safety, entertainment, physical and mental well-being,
knowledge and mental capacity, funding and assurance. The analysis yields a categorization of industries according to central
features of the value adding process. Here, the analysis is used to identify sources of (in)efficiency of scale, scope and
experience, along the value chain.
相似文献
Bart NooteboomEmail: URL: http://www.bartnooteboom.nl |
1000.
Investment liberalizing countries are often concerned that cross-border mergers and acquisitions, in contrast to greenfield investments, might have an adverse effect on domestic firms and consumers. However, given that domestic assets are sufficiently scarce, we identify a preemption effect and an asset complementarity effect, which imply that the acquisition price is substantially higher than the domestic seller's profits. Moreover, we show that for the acquisition to take place, the MNE must be sufficiently efficient when using the domestic assets, otherwise rivals will expand their business, thereby making the acquisition unprofitable. Consequently, restricting cross-border M&As may also hurt consumers. 相似文献